Abundance and structural characteristics of termite mounds in a tropical rainforest and implications for agroecosystems in Okomu National Park, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30681/rcaa.v24i1.14682Keywords:
Ecosystem engineering, tropical rainforest, mound structure, seasonal differences, crop productionAbstract
Termites are decomposers that contributes to nutrient cycling, soil aeration, and biodiversity support through mound construction. However, there is limited research focused on the distribution, diversity, and structural characteristics of termite mounds in tropical rainforest ecosystems like Okomu National Park (ONP) in Edo State, Nigeria. The objective of this study was therefore to examined the abundance and distribution of termite mounds within ONP. The research was conducted across four designated ranges within ONP (Arakhuan, Igwuowan, Julius Creek, and Babui Creek), using a standardized belt transect method (100 × 2 m2). Termite mounds were identified, counted, and classified based on structural features (shapes, circumference, and heights) during the rainy and dry seasons. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance at p<0.05. The results showed there were significant variations in mound structure and abundance across the ranges. The cylindrical mounds were the most dominant type, with higher densities recorded in the Arakhuan (32) and Igwuowan (26) ranges. Seasonal differences indicated a higher number of termite mounds during the rainy season (162) than the dry season (137). Mound were taller and circumference larger during the rainy season compared to the dry season. The drop suggests moisture plays a key role in termite mound establishment. Cylindrical mounds were considered dominant across seasons in the Okomu National Park. The mound types and distribution demonstrates that termite activity generates small-scale fertility gradients that can directly influence crop production in adjoining agricultural zones.
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