Necessidade de imobilização em paciente vítimas de lesão cervical
Resumo
As lesões traumáticas em região vertebral são frequentes entre a população jovem e idosa, correspondendo a 17 mil casos anuais nos Estados Unidos (EUA). Foram relatados 13 milhões de pessoas vítimas destas lesões anualmente pelos departamentos de emergência norte-americano e canadense. Diante desses números é notável que a curto prazo a comunidade convive com ônus e, posteriormente, possíveis lesões secundárias neurológicas podem acontecer, como tetraplegia incompleta, paraplegia incompleta ou completa. Diversos são os motivos para o trauma: acidentes automotivos, quedas, armas de fogos e violência no trabalho; sendo imperativo uma equipe treinada para o atendimento imediato. Desde a metade do século XX tem-se descrito a imobilização através de prancha rígida, colar cervical e coxins laterais na cabeça, entretanto, atualmente esse tripé tem sido questionado. Esse estudo consiste na revisão da literatura com objetivo de consolidar conhecimento acerca da adequada imobilização adotada em pacientes vítimas de trauma e descrever a melhor conduta. Para a organização desta revisão, utilizaram-se às principais plataformas de pesquisa U.S. National Library of Medicine, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e UpToDate®, onde selecionaram-se periódicos relacionados ao manejo desses pacientes nos últimos cinco anos. A conduta prevista mediante esses casos é concordante quanto a necessidade de seguir um fluxo uniforme para a melhor resolução do caso e menos complicações; portanto, deve-se particularizar cada situação e orientar a equipe para decidir quais utensílios devem ser usados em determinado paciente.
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Referências
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