IMPACTOS DA SÍNDROME METABÓLICA NA ADOLESCÊNCIA E NA PUBERDADE: REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Resumo
A Síndrome Metabólica (SM) compreende a ocorrência concomitante de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e para diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Na infância e na adolescência, a síndrome é de difícil diagnóstico, pois os parâmetros e critérios se diferem aos utilizados em adultos e não são bem definidos. Além das divergências na literatura, os parâmetros variam também em decorrência da puberdade, visto que o início da vida adulta representa uma fase de transformações fisiológicas, como regulação hormonal, redistribuição de gordura corporal, mudanças no apetite e alto risco de ganho ponderal, podendo evoluir para obesidade. Este trabalho buscou revisar os estudos feitos até o presente momento acerca da SM, sobretudo na faixa pediátrica, e, de maneira analítica, pontuar critérios diagnósticos, resultados comuns, divergências e possíveis sugestões de estudos futuros que contemplem a complexidade da SM em crianças e adolescentes, bem como seus impactos na puberdade. A metodologia adotada para essa revisão identificou criteriosamente estudos relevantes que abordassem analiticamente a Síndrome Metabólica em faixa pediátrica, sendo consultadas duas bases eletrônicas de dados em saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e PubMed, além do acervo digital da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) e o repositório de manuais da Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (SBP). Este estudo analisou os principais fatores capazes de desencadear a SM bem como o seu diagnóstico, que, em geral, considera o conjunto de quatro condições clínicas: obesidade, dislipidemia, hipertensão arterial e resistência à insulina. Ademais, compreendeu-se como a SM impacta o eixo gonadotrófico, podendo ocorrer de modo dessemelhante em indivíduos de sexo diferente. Constatou-se, pois, do desenvolvimento deste trabalho, que as evidências abordadas são clinicamente relevantes e expressam o cenário de conhecimento atual acerca da SM, sobretudo entre crianças e adolescentes.Downloads
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