X-linked agammaglobulinemia in a pediatric patient: a case report

Authors

  • Ana Beatriz Medeiros e Paula Federal University of Paraíba
  • Thiago Raffi Nogueira de Melo Federal University of Paraíba
  • André Luiz Pinto Fabricio Ribeiro Universidade Federal da Paraíba
  • Anna Luisa de Melo Lula Lins Pimentel Federal University of Paraíba
  • Luísa de Oliveira Gurgel Federal University of Paraíba
  • Mariana Carvalho de Oliveira Federal University of Paraíba
  • Victor Agripino de Oliveira Federal University of Paraíba
  • Veriana Márcia da Nóbrega Federal University of Paraíba

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30681/2526101012624

Keywords:

Agammaglobulinemia, Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Immune System Diseases.

Abstract

Objective: To report the case of a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (ALX), an Inborn Immunity Error, often associated with variants in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) protein gene, responsible for the B cells maturation. Method: To perform in this observational, descriptive study, with a single case report, data collection was carried out through an active search of medical records, after consent. Subsequently, the information collected was organized according to the CARE checklist. Results: A 10-year-old male patient complains of recurrent pneumonia and growth retardation. Through clinical and laboratory investigation, were noticed reduced levels of IgA (<0.10), IgM (20 mg/dl) and IgG (76 mg/dl), low B lymphocytes (2%) and a positive genetic test for the presence of variants in the BTK gene, leading to the diagnosis of ALX. Treatment consisted of intravenous immunoglobulin replacement, enabling a significant improvement in symptoms and serum immunoglobulin levels. Conclusion: Early diagnosis is essential and doctors must know how to identify warning signs and complement them with tests, such as blood counts, immunological evaluation and genetic tests, to confirm the condition and guide treatment effectively.

Author Biographies

  • Ana Beatriz Medeiros e Paula, Federal University of Paraíba

    Medical student at the Federal University of Paraíba, Center for Medical Sciences, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

  • Thiago Raffi Nogueira de Melo, Federal University of Paraíba

    Medical student at the Federal University of Paraíba, Center for Medical Sciences, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

  • André Luiz Pinto Fabricio Ribeiro, Universidade Federal da Paraíba

    Medical student at the Federal University of Paraíba, Center for Medical Sciences, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

  • Anna Luisa de Melo Lula Lins Pimentel, Federal University of Paraíba

    Medical student at the Federal University of Paraíba, Center for Medical Sciences, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

  • Luísa de Oliveira Gurgel, Federal University of Paraíba

    Medical student at the Federal University of Paraíba, Center for Medical Sciences, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

  • Mariana Carvalho de Oliveira, Federal University of Paraíba

    Medical student at the Federal University of Paraíba, Center for Medical Sciences, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

  • Victor Agripino de Oliveira, Federal University of Paraíba

    Medical student at the Federal University of Paraíba, Center for Medical Sciences, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

  • Veriana Márcia da Nóbrega, Federal University of Paraíba

    Pediatric Allergist and Immunologist at the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Professor of the Department of Pediatrics and Genetics at the Federal University of Paraíba, Center for Medical Sciences, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

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Published

2024-06-01

Issue

Section

Artigo Original/ Original Article/ Artículo Originale

How to Cite

Medeiros e Paula, A. B., Raffi Nogueira de Melo, T., Pinto Fabricio Ribeiro, A. L., de Melo Lula Lins Pimentel, A. L., de Oliveira Gurgel, L., Carvalho de Oliveira, M., Agripino de Oliveira, V., & Márcia da Nóbrega, V. (2024). X-linked agammaglobulinemia in a pediatric patient: a case report. Journal Health NPEPS, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.30681/2526101012624