The Effect of application methods and chemical insecticides for the attack control of Hypsipyla grandella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on the Swietenia macrophylla King
Keywords:
mahogany shoot borer, imidacloprid, spinetoram, emamectin benzoate, trunk microinjectionAbstract
Chemical control of the shoot borer (Hypsipyla grandella Zeller) on mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) forest plantations remains a major challenge. For this reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two application methods of three chemical insecticides plus the control on the response to insect attack, in a completely randomized design (2x4 factorial scheme). A total of 9 evaluations were carried out at intervals of 15 days between the months of May and September (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120 days). The variables were standardized (z-function) and then transformed by the fourth root. The significant differences at error of 10% of the F test found at 30 and 45 days of the experiment could not be verified by the parametric tests because the transformations failed to bring the data closer to a standard normal distribution. Then the Kruskal-Wallis H test was performed to verify the differences between insecticides and control and the Mann-Whitney U test for the differences between application methods. The response of the relative number of attacked shoots per tree (rNAST) in the overall imidacloprid and emamectin benzoate groups differed from each other by post-hoc pairwise Dunn's correction with Holm's correction. By comparing the Wilcoxon rank sum in the fourth evaluation it was observed that the effect of emamectin benzoate microinjection on rNAST was smaller than that of the spraying method. In the same evaluation, imidacloprid and emamectin benzoate were differentiated from each other. The graphical analysis showed that in both evaluations the performance of imidacloprid was better than that of the other insecticides for the control of the mahogany shoot borer. The microinjection did not present significant effects; however, it has not impacted the growth of the trees measured by the increases in normal diameter, basal diameter, and total height.
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