Linguistic policies and language revitalization in border areas: theoretical perspectives and the case of the bésiro language

Abstract

This article analyzes, from a theoretical and critical perspective, language policies aimed at the revitalization of minority languages, with a particular emphasis on the Bésɨro (Chiquitano) language, spoken by Monkoxi communities located between Brazil and Bolivia. The research is grounded in the contributions of scholars such as Calvet (2007), Haugen (1983), Fishman (1991), Spolsky (2004), Hamel (2013), Maher (2019), and other authors who discuss the sociopolitical, ideological, cultural, and historical dimensions of language policies and language planning. It is argued that the revitalization of languages in border areas strongly depends on policies articulated among the State, educational institutions, and local communities, as well as on a deep understanding of the power relations, identity, and sense of belonging involved in the use of minority languages. The study proposes a critical reflection on language policies in Latin America, highlighting the importance of implementing pluricentric, intercultural, inclusive, and sustainable policies, which are fundamental for strengthening and preserving regional linguistic diversity.